Ncert Exercises & Solutions

Structures of molecules of two compounds are given below.

1. Which of the two compounds will have intermolecular hydrogen bonding and which compound is expected to show intramolecular hydrogen bonding?

2. The melting point of compound depends on, among other things, the extent of hydrogen bonding. On this basis explain which of the above two compounds will show higher melting point?

3. Solubility of compounds in water depends on power to form hydrogen bonds with water. Which of the above compounds will form hydrogen bond with easily and be more soluble in it?

(a) Compound (I) will form intramolecular H-bonding. Intramolecular H-bonding is formed when H-atom, in between the two highly electronegative atoms, is present within the same molecule. In ortho-nitrophenol (compound I), H-atom is in between the two oxygen atoms.

Compound (II) forms intermolecular H-bonding. In para-nitrophenol (II) there is a gap between NO₂ and OH group. So, H-bond exists between H-atom of one molecule and O-atom of another molecule as depicted below.

(b) Compound (II) will have higher melting point because large number of molecules are joined together by H-bonds.

(c) Due to intramolecular H-bonding, compound (I) is not able to form H-bond with water, so it is less soluble in water. While molecules of compound II form H-bonding with H₂O easily, so it is soluble in water.

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