Ncert Exercises & Solutions

Potential difference across resting membrane is negatively charged. This is due to differential distribution of the following ions.

1. Na⁺ and K⁺ ions

2. CO₃^2- and Cl^- ions

3. Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions

4. Ca⁺⁴ and Cl^- ions

(a) The ion gated channels on the neurolemma control the movement of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions on both inner and outer side of nerve cell.

Ca²⁺, CO₃^2-, Mg²⁺ and Ca⁺⁴ ions are not related with nerve excitation rather are involved in other biological functions. Ca²⁺ ions are related to muscle metabolism where Mg²⁺ ions act as a cofactor in some reactions.

Cl^- ion channels are important for setting cell resting membrane potential, transepithelial salt transport, and the acidification of internal and extracellular compartments.

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