10.2.3 Anaphase

At the onset of anaphase, each chromosome arranged at the metaphase plate is split simultaneously and the two daughter chromatids, now referred to as daughter chromosomes of the future daughter nuclei, begin their migration towards the two opposite poles. As each chromosome moves away from the equatorial plate, the centromere of each chromosome remains directed towards the pole and hence at the leading edge, with the arms of the chromosome trailing behind (Figure 10.2 c). Thus, anaphase stage is characterised by the following key events:

•  Centromeres split and chromatids separate.
  
•  Chromatids move to opposite poles.
  

10.2.4 Telophase

At the beginning of the final stage of karyokinesis, i.e., telophase, the chromosomes that have reached their respective poles decondense and lose their individuality. The individual chromosomes can no longer be seen and each set of chromatin material tends to collect at each of the two poles (Figure 10.2 d). This is the stage which shows the following key events:

•  Chromosomes cluster at opposite spindle poles and their identity is lost as discrete elements.
  
•  Nuclear envelope develops around the chromosome clusters at each pole forming two daughter nuclei.
  
•  Nucleolus, golgi complex and ER reform.