Which of the following statements can explain the fact that many scientists do not consider viruses as living organisms?

1.	Metabolism and growth are defining properties of living organisms.
2.	Anything less than a complete structure of a cell does not ensure independent living.
3.	All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
4.	All biochemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes.

A non-membrane bound organelle found in all cells is:

Spindle fibers are attached to the chromosome in the region of:

Identify the appendage present on the surface of some bacterial cells that help attach them to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues:

Most of the functions of a cell membrane can be attributed to its:
1. Phospholipids
2. Cholesterol
3. Proteins
4. Carbohydrates

Algal cell walls are made up of:
1. Cellulose, Galactans, Mannans and Minerals
2. Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pectins and Proteins
3. Cellulose, Pectins, Mannans and Minerals
4. Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Mannans and Pectins

Which of the following is not considered as a part of the endo-membranous system of a eukaryotic cell?

In animal cells, steroidal hormones are synthesized in the:

An important site of the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids in a eukaryotic cell is the:
1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Lysosomes

The concentrations of ions is significantly higher in the vacuoles than in the cytoplasm. The reason for this is:
1. Facilitated diffusion of the ions by the tonoplast
2. Active transport of the ions by the tonoplast
3. Presence of porins for diffusion of the ions
4. Bulk transport across the tonoplast