Q. No.What percent of filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules in human kidneys?
1.
Less than 5%
2.
About 50%
3.
About 70%
4.
More than 99%
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The increasing gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium, during concentration of urine, is mainly caused by reabsortion of:
| 1. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 2. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 3. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
| 4. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
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An excessive loss of body fluid can:
| 1. | activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby preventing diuresis |
| 2. | switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH promoting diuresis |
| 3. | activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby promoting diuresis |
| 4. | switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH preventing diuresis |
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Urine in ureter is drained directly from:
| 1. | Collecting duct | 2. | Papilla |
| 3. | Renal pelvis | 4. | Major calyces |
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Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes can be eliminated through:
| 1. | Saliva | 2. | Sweat |
| 3. | Sebum | 4. | Tears |
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In hemodialysis, the role of artificial kidney is actually played by:
| 1. | Dialysate | 2. | Blood pump |
| 3. | Water system | 4. | Cellulose membrane |
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The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron is lined by:
1. simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium
2. simple ciliated columnar epithelium
3. compound cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
4. simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
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The minimum amount of urine output per day required to eliminate the nitrogenous wastes produced during normal metabolism in a day will be:
1. 400 ml
2. 700 ml
3. 1000 ml
4. 1500 ml
Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:
| 1. | GFR – 125 ml/min |
| 2. | Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day |
| 3. | Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day |
| 4. | Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min |
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