Under which condition would you expect the mitochondrial proton gradient to be highest and therefore ATP synthesis to proceed?
1. pyruvate (present)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (high)
2. pyruvate (present)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (low)
3. pyruvate (present)-oxygen (absent)-ATP levels (high)
4. pyruvate (absent)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (low)

Plants can get along without respiratory organs because of the following except:

Sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose by the enzyme:

1. Maltase
2. Zymase
3. Isomerase
4. Invertase

The maximum concentration of alcohol in beverages that are naturally fermented is:
1. 5 - 10%
2. 10 - 15%
3. 20 - 25%
4. 45 - 50%

The co-factor required for the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase is:
1. Zinc
2. Magnesium
3. Manganese
4. Copper

In the mitochondrial electron transport system, the term Complex III refers to:
1. NADH dehydrogenase
2. Cytochrome c
3. FADH₂
4. Cytochrome bc₁ complex

For each ATP produced, how many H passes through F₀ from the intermembrane space to the matrix down the electrochemical proton gradient?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

In the absence of oxygen, the primary purpose of fermentation is to:
1. produce amino acids for protein synthesis
2. generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis
3. oxidize glucose to generate reduce electron carriers
4. regenerate NAD+ from NADH allowing glycolysis to continue

During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is 
1. transferred to ADP, forming ATP.
2. transferred directly to ATP.
3. retained in the pyruvate.
4. stored in the NADH produced.

ATP production during cellular respiration is controlled by allosteric inhibition. The control is the allosteric inhibition by ATP and citric acid of the enzyme that facilitates the formation of:

1. Glucose 6- phosphate from glucose
2. Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate from Fructose 6 - phosphate
3. Acetyl CoA from Pyruvic acid
4. Citric acid from Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetic acid