1. | When shoots are exposed to light, a chemical substance migrates towards the light. |
2. | Agar contains a chemical substance that mimics a plant hormone. |
3. | A chemical substance involved in shoot bending is produced in the shoot tips. |
4. | Once the shoot tip is cut, normal growth cannot be induced. |
Column-I | Column-II | ||
A. | Auxin | (i) | Chloroplast development |
B. | Ethylene | (ii) | Fruit ripening |
C. | GA | (iii) | Root initiation in stem cutting |
D. | Cytokinin | (iv) | Breaking seed dormancy |
1. | A = (i) , B=(iv), C =(iii) , D= (ii) |
2. | A = (ii) , B=(iii), C =(i) , D= (iv) |
3. | A = (iii) , B=(ii), C =(iv) , D= (i) |
4. | A = (i) , B=(ii), C =(iii) , D= (iv) |
(i) | NAA and 2,4-D are synthetic auxins |
(ii) | Auxins promote flowering in pineapples |
(iii) | Auxins help to prevent fruit and leaf drop at early stages but promote the abscission of older mature leaves and fruits |
(iv) | Apical bud removal is applied for hedge making and creating bushy tea plants |
(v) | Auxin induces parthenocarpy, like, in tomatoes |
1. | They delay senescence, thus, due to their application the fruits can be left on the tree so as to extend the market period |
2. | GA3 is used to speed up the malting process in brewing industry |
3. | Spraying sugarcane crop with GA increases the length of stem, thus increasing the yield by as much as 20 tonnes per acre |
4. | Spraying juvenile conifers with GA slows down the maturity period thus leading to delayed seed production |
(i) | GA causes increase in length of grape stalks and causes apples to elongate and improve its shape |
(ii) | GA causes bolting in beet, cabbage and many plants with rosette habit |
(iii) | Kinetin is a modified cytosine |
(iv) | Cytokinins are abundant in root apices, developing shoot buds and young fruits |
(v) | Cytokinins cause lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot formation |
(i) | Causes horizontal growth of seedlings. |
(ii) | It is highly effective in causing fruit ripening. |
(iii) | Is responsible for respiratory climatic in fruits which is the enhanced respiration rate during fruit ripening. |
(iv) | Ethylene breaks seed and bud dormancy, initiates germination in peanut seeds, and causes the sprouting of potatoes. |
(v) | It is used to initiate flowering and for synchronising fruit set in pineapples. |
1. | Ethylene induces flowering in mango tree |
2. | Ethylene promotes senescence of plant organs especially of leaves and flowers |
3. | Ethylene promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in deep water rice plants |
4. | Ethylene is the least used PGR in agriculture and horticulture |