Phylogenetic system of classification is based on

(1) evolutionary relationships

(2) morphological features

(3) chemical constituents

(4) floral characters

Which one of the following is a vascular cryptogam?

(1) Equisetum

(2) Ginkgo

(3) Marchantia

(4) Cedrus

Which one of the following is considered important in the development of seed habit?

(1) Dependent sporophyte

(2) Heterospory

(3) Haplontic life cycle

(4) Free-living gametophyte

In which one of the following, the male and female gametophytes don't have free-living independent existence?

(1) Pteris

(2) Funaria

(3) Polytrichum

(4) Cedrus

Which one of the following is heterosporous?

(1) Dryopteris

(2) Salvinia

(3) Adiantum

(4) Equisetum

Select one of the following pairs of important features distinguishing Gnetum from Cycas and Pinus and showing affinities with angiosperms

(1) absence of resin duct and leaf venation

(2) presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia

(3) perianth and two integuments

(4) embryo development and apical meristem

Flagellated male gametes are present in all the three of which one of the following sets?

(1) Anthoceros, Funaria and Spirogyra

(2) Zygnema, Saprolegnia and Hydrilla

(3) Fucus, Marsilea and Calotropis

(4) Riccia, Dryopteris and Cycas

In gymnosperms, the pollen chamber represents:

(1) a cell in the pollen grain in which the sperms are formed

(2) a cavity in the ovule in which pollen grains are stored after pollination

(3) an opening in the megagametophyte through which the pollen tube approaches the egg

(4) the microsporangium in which pollen grains develop

Spore dissemination in some liverworts is aided by:

(1) elaters

(2) indusium

(3) calyptra

(4) peristome teeth

If you are asked to classify the various algae into distinct groups, which of the following characters you should choose?

(1) Types of pigments present in the cell

(2) Nature of stored food materials in the cell

(3) Structural organisation of thallus

(4) Chemical composition of the cell wall