Which of the following enhances or induces fusion of protoplasts?

1. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride

2. Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate

3. IAA and kinetin

4. IAA and gibberellins

In vitro clonal propogation in plants characterised by

1. PCR and RAPD

2. Northen blotting

3. Electrophoresis and HPLC

4. Microscopy

To obtain virus-free healthy plants from a diseased one by tissue culture technique, which

part/parts of the diseased plant will be taken?

1. Apical meristem only

2. Palisade parenchyma

3. Both apical and axillary meristems

4. Epidermis only

In plant breeding programmes, the entire collection (of plants/seeds) having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called

1. selection of superior recombinations

2. cross-hybridisation among the selected parents

3. evaluation and selection of parents

4. germplasm collection

Which part would be most suitable for raising virus-free plants for micropropagation?

'Jaya', and 'Ratna', developed for green revolution in India are the varieties of

1. rice

2. wheat 

3. bajra

4. maize

'Himgiri' developed by hybridisation and selection for disease resistance against rust pathogens is a variety of

1. maize

2. sugarcane

3. wheat

4. chilli

When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of F₁ hybrid is often

superior to both its parents. This phenomenon is called

1. transformation

2. splicing

3. metamorphosis

4. heterosis

Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins is called

1. somatic hybridisation

2. biofortification

3. biomagnification

4. micropropogation

Somaclones are obtained by

1. tissue culture

2. plant breeding

3. irradiation

4. genetic engineering