Assertion (A): | Organisms living in oceans do not face any water-related problems. |
Reason (R): | Life on Earth originated in water and is not sustainable without water. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
2. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
3. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
Assertion (A): | The availability of light on land is closely linked with that of temperature. |
Reason (R): | Sun is the source for both – light and temperature. |
1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
4. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
Statement I: | Many plants depend on sunlight to meet their photoperiodic requirement for flowering. |
Statement II: | Many animals use photoperiod cues for timing their foraging, reproductive and migratory activities. |
Statement III: | The spectral quality of solar radiation is not important for life. |
I. | Its characteristics determine, to a large extent, the vegetation in any area. |
II. | In the aquatic environment, the sediment characteristics often determine the type of benthic animals that can thrive there. |
1. | Hemostasis | 2. | Homeostasis |
3. | Thermoregulation | 4. | Osmoregulation |
Assertion (A): | Ability to maintain a constant internal environment enhances the overall ‘fitness’ of the species. |
Reason (R): | A constant internal environment permits all biochemical reactions and physiological functions to proceed with maximal efficiency. |
1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
2. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
Assertion (A): | Conformers resign themselves to sub-optimal performance if the prevailing environmental conditions are not in their range of tolerance. |
Reason (R): | An overwhelming majority of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal environment. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
I. | migrate temporarily |
II. | suspend their development till the return of favourable conditions |
III. | become ‘regulators’ if they are ‘conformers’ |
Statement I: | Bears go into aestivation to avoid summer related problems – heat and dessication. |
Statement II: | Snails and fish go into hibernation during winter. |
I. | Many adaptations have evolved over a long evolutionary time and are genetically fixed. |
II. | Kangaroo rat has a remarkable ability to concentrate its urine. |
III. | In Opuntia, leaves are reduced to spines and the photosynthetic function is taken over by the flattened stems. |