The dorsal respiratory group of the respiratory center in the brain stem stimulates:
1. external intercostals | 2. internal intercostals |
3. diaphragm | 4. rectus abdominus |
Condition of the body in which the tissues are starved of oxygen is called as:
1. apnea | 2. hypocapnia |
3. hypoxia | 4. hypercapnia |
Some pathogens can reach the alveoli, they can still be destroyed by:
1. macrophages in the pulmonary lymph nodes
2. NK cells in the elastic tissues of the lungs
3. cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
4. alveolar macrophages
A minimal amount of pleural fluid present in the pleural cavity:
1. | provides a medium for the exchange of respiratory gases |
2. | reduces friction between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
3. | provides lubrication for movements of the diaphragm |
4. | permits the exchange of electrolytes during respiration |
Oxygenated blood through the tissues of the lungs is carried by:
1. pulmonary and bronchial veins
2. pulmonary and bronchial arteries
3. pulmonary veins and bronchial arteries
4. pulmonary arteries and bronchial veins
Vagal stimulation would lead to:
1. deeper inhalation
2. forced exhalation
3. bronchodilation
4. bronchoconstriction
When the diaphragm or external intercostal muscles contract, intrapulmonary pressure should
1. | increase | 2. | decrease |
3. | remain constant | 4. | equal atmospheric pressure |
When air leaks into the space between lung and chest wall, the result can be:
1. pneumothorax and atelectasis
2. hydrothorax and hemothorax
3. empyema and emphysema
4. pneumonitis and effusion
Air conditioning – warming, humidifying and filtering of the air, is the function performed by:
1. | oral cavity | 2. | nasal cavity |
3. | pharynx | 4. | larynx |
During deglutition, the food is prevented from entering into the larynx by the cartilaginous:
1. epiglottis | 2. glottis |
3. aryepiglottic fold | 4. laryngeal prominence |