Q. No.Mammals are:
1. osmoconformers.
2. hypotonic to their environment.
3. hypertonic to their environment.
4. osmoregulators.
1. osmoconformers.
2. hypotonic to their environment.
3. hypertonic to their environment.
4. osmoregulators.
The most toxic nitrogenous metabolic waste product is:
| 1. ammonia | 2. urea |
| 3. uric acid | 4. methane |
Kidneys are not involved in:
1. Osmoregulation
2. Activation of Vitamin D
3. Secreting hormones
4. Glycogenesis
Malpighian body or the renal corpuscle is made up of:
1. Glomerular capillaries and PTCN
2. Bowman's capsule and renal tubules
3. Afferent and efferent arterioles
4. Glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule
Filtration slits in the glomerular membrane are formed by:
1. The capillary endothelial cells
2. The basement membrane
3. The podocyte cells
4. Mesangial cells
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is made up of:
1. Juxtaglomerular cells and podocytes
2. Macula densa and podocytes
3. Juxtaglomerular cells and mesangial cells
4. Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
The basic functions of human kidneys in the production of urine include all the following except:
| 1. | Glomerular filtration | 2. | Tubular reabsorption |
| 3. | Tubular secretion | 4. | Erythropoietin production |
The reabsorption, from the filtrate, of sodium, glucose and amino acids:
1. involves the Bowman's capsule
2. is restricted to the loop of Henle
3. occurs mainly in the proximal convoluted tubules
4. occurs mainly by osmosis
What is the mechanism of reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron?
| 1. | Diffusion, depending on plasma glucose concentration |
| 2. | An active transport process that is linked to sodium reabsorption |
| 3. | An active transport process that is linked to amino acid transport |
| 4. | Active transport with no link to the transport of any other substance |
All the following are secreted by the tubules of nephrons except:
| 1. Sodium ions | 2. Potassium ions |
| 3. Uric acid | 4. Hydrogen ions |
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