The functional unit of the human kidney is the:

1.	glomerulus	2.	Malpighian body
3.	nephron	4.	medullary pyramids

What structure projects between the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole next to Bowman's capsule to form the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
1. glomerulus
2. arcuate arteries
3. proximal tubule
4. distal tubule

The vascular endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocytes in the inner lining of Bowman’s capsule form:

A series of straight capillaries in the medulla that lie parallel to the loop of Henle are called:

A triangular portion of the bladder floor bordered (ventrally) by the internal urethral opening or bladder neck and (dorsolaterally) by the orifices of the right ureter and left ureter, is called as:

1. detrusor.

2. dartos.

3. transitional epithelium.

4. trigone.

The ratio of the glomerular filtration rate to the renal plasma flow is the:
1. filtration fraction.
2. plasma clearance.
3. renal blood flow rate.
4. tubular maximum.

The glomerular ultrafiltrate will normally not contain:

About what percent of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed by the tubules during urine formation?

Hypoalbuminemia will result in:

1. decreased colloid osmotic pressure.

2. decreased immunity.

3. increased clotting tendency of blood.

4. decreased filtration pressure.

The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron reabsorbs about what fraction of the filtrate?
1. 99%.
2. 85%.
3. 65%.
4. 19%.