What is incorrect regarding saliva in humans?

1. The concentration of electrolytes, potassium and bicarbonate, are higher than in plasma
2. It contains antibacterial compounds like thiocynate lysozyme
3. Lingual lipase has a pH optimum of around 6.8 and is functional in oral cavity
4. Water is the largest constituent of saliva

What are broken down in the liver or muscle cells to release fatty acids and glycerol?
1. micelles
2. chylomicrons
3. lipopolysaccharide
4. lipoproteins

Small intestine can readily absorb all the following except:
1. ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$
2. ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}$
3. ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$
4. ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{++}$

Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
1. caries--tooth decay
2. gingivitis--inflammation of the gums
3. heartburn--stomach acid in the esophagus
4. mumps--viral infection of the sublingual glands

A peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility is:
1. GIP
2. gastrin
3. secretin
4. CCK

The hormones released from cells in the duodenal epithelium in response to acidic and fatty stimuli present there when the pylorus opens and emits gastric chyme into the duodenum for further digestion, are:
1. secretin and CCK
2. GIP alone
3. secretin alone
4. CCK alone

Secretin will be secreted by the duodenal mucosa due to:
1. sodium bicarbonate in chyme
2. fats in chyme
3. peptones in chyme
4. hydrochloric acid in chyme

Chyme enters duodenum through:
1. esophageal sphincter
2. pyloric sphincter
3. anal sphincter
4. ileocecal valve

The secretion of which of the following will carry large amounts of sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of chyme in the small intestine?
1. pancreas
2. gall bladder
3. jejunum
4. salivary glands

Considered as the beginning of the large intestine, the blind end of the ascending colon is known as:
1. cecum
2. vermiform appendix
3. rectum
4. anal canal