A big advantage of the evolution of internal fertilization is:
1. need for large number of gametes to be produced
2. fetuses to be kept warm, moist, nourished, and protected inside the mother
3. synchronous release of gametes by both sexes
4. prevention of dehydration of gametes

In vertebrate eggs with large yolks, cleavage is described as _______ and results in a ________ on top of the yolk.
1. meroblastic/trophoblast
2. holoblastic/blastodisc
3. meroblastic/blastodisc
4. meroblastic/blastomere

Cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta are:
1. trophoblast
2. inner cell mass
3. interstitial cells
4. balstomeres

Till approximately what gestation age is the use of the term ‘embryo’ justified?
1. week
2. two weeks
3. month
4. two months

The cleavage divisions begin in:
1. ovary
2. oviduct
3. uterus
4. cervix

The number of accessory reproductive glands that contribute to the seminal plasma is:
1. one
2. two
3. three
4. ten

The testis has many lobes each containing 1 – 3 curved:
1. efferent ductules
2. Leydig cells
3. seminal vesicles
4. seminiferous tubules

A cut section through the middle piece of sperm will show:
1. the proximal pair of centriole
2. the haploid nucleus
3. microtubules in the 9 + 2 pattern of cilia and flagella
4. absence of mitochondria

The middle piece of a sperm contains __________.
1. food necessary to nourish the head of the sperm
2. enzymes necessary to penetrate the egg's outer layers
3. mitochondria to provide energy for movement
4. all of the above

The anterior pituitary secretes gonadotropins:
1. only in females
2. only in males
3. in both males and females
4. only in males, and females after menopause