Assertion: Pernicious anemia is preventable with balanced diet or with supplements.
Reason: Most green leafy vegetables have an adequate amount of B₁₂ that can prevent pernicious anemia.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: The secretion of bile by liver is important physiologically as it helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.
Reason: Bile contains bile pigments that help in first emulsification of fats and later absorption of fatty acids and glycerol through micelle formation.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The microvilli of small intestinal epithelium are important for the final step of digestion of carbohydrates especially.
Reason: The microvilli that constitute the brush border have enzymes for this final part of digestion anchored into their apical plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The liver is the first organ to receive most of the products of digestion except for fat.
Reason: Blood from the liver is drained by the hepatic vein.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Most of the water in the alimentary canal is absorbed by the large intestine.
Reason: The brush bordered epithelium is most extensively developed in the large intestine.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: In humans none of the lipases act in an acidic pH.
Reason: All lipases require bile salts for their activation.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: In the fetus, the liver does not perform the normal digestive processes.
Reason: In infants nutrients are received directly from the mother via the placenta.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Submandibular glands contribute some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion
Reason: Submandibular glands are the largest salivary glands.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Assertion: In the stomach, chief cells release pepsinogen and not pepsin.
Reason: This zymogen is activated by hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is released from parietal cells in the stomach lining.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Defecation is frequently accompanied by urination.
Reason: During defecation, the external sphincter muscles relax.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.