Assertion: Muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening.
Reason: Muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 
 

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
 

Assertion: Calmodulin plays an important role in excitation contraction (EC) coupling and the initiation of the cross-bridge cycling in smooth muscle.
Reason: Troponin is not found in the smooth muscles.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Myoglobin needs to have a higher affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin.
Reason: To perform its job, myoglobin must effectively bind any oxygen released from hemoglobin.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion: The muscle strength of contraction is finely graded, a requirement for coordinated movements.
Reason: Muscles that require a finer degree of control have smaller motor units.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion: Trained athletes have an increased proportion of energy derived from aerobic respiration of fatty acids.
Reason: Any adaptation that spares muscle glycogen will improve physical endurance.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Animals that are aquatic rather than terrestrial can support relatively larger exoskeletons.
Reason: The terrestrial organisms are relatively larger than aquatic animals.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.