Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 
 

Assertion (A):	Hydrolysis of ATP by myosin head is critical for the cross bridge formation.
Reason (R):	Myosin head has ATPase activity dependent on magnesium ions

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
 

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	Both (A) and (R) are false.

Assertion: Calmodulin plays an important role in excitation contraction (EC) coupling and the initiation of the cross-bridge cycling in smooth muscle.
Reason: Troponin is not found in the smooth muscles.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Myoglobin needs to have a higher affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin.
Reason: To perform its job, myoglobin must effectively bind any oxygen released from hemoglobin.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion: The muscle strength of contraction is finely graded, a requirement for coordinated movements.
Reason: Muscles that require a finer degree of control have smaller motor units.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion: Trained athletes have an increased proportion of energy derived from aerobic respiration of fatty acids.
Reason: Any adaptation that spares muscle glycogen will improve physical endurance.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Animals that are aquatic rather than terrestrial can support relatively larger exoskeletons.
Reason: The terrestrial organisms are relatively larger than aquatic animals.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Vertebral foramen is not seen in sacrum and coccyx.
Reason: They are fused and also the spinal cord ends at the lumbar region.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The first seven rib pairs known as the fixed or vertebrosternal ribs are the true ribs.
Reason: Only the first seven rib pairs are made up of bone while others are made of cartilage.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.