During photorespiration, the oxygen consuming reaction(s) occur in :
1. stroma of chloroplasts and mitochondria
2. stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
3. grana of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
4. stroma of chloroplasts

The first step for initiation of photosynthesis will be

In sugarcane plant,${}^{14}\mathrm{CO}_2$ is fixed in malic acid in which the enzyme that fixes ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ is
1. Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase
2. Phosphoenol pyruvic acid carboxylase
3. Ribulose phosphate kinase
4. Fructose phosphatase

As compared to a ${\mathrm{C}}_3$ plant, how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one molecule of hexose sugar by ${\mathrm{C}}_4$ plants ?

Photosynthesis in ${\mathrm{C}}_4$ plants is relatively less limited by atmospheric ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ levels because
1. The primary fixation of ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ is mediated via PEP carboxylase.
2. Effective pumping of ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ into bundle sheath cells.
3. Four carbon acids are the primary initial ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ fixation products.
4. RuBisCO in ${\mathrm{C}}_4$ plants has higher affinity for ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2.}$

During photorespiration, the oxygen consuming reaction (s) occur in
1. Stroma of chloroplasts and mitochondria
2. Stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
3. Grana of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
4. Stroma of chloroplasts

The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed because

Read the following four statements a, b, c and d and select the right option having both correct statements:
(a) Z scheme of light reaction takes place in presence of PS I only
(b) Only PS I is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation
(c) Cyclic photophosphorylation results into synthesis of ATP and NADPH
(d) Stroma lamellae lack PS II as well as NADP reductase
Options :
1. (c) and (d)
2. (b) and (d)
3. (a) and (b)
4. (b) and (c)

In Kranz anatomy, the bundle sheath cells have