Read the following four statements a, b, c and d and select the right option having both correct statements:
(a) Z scheme of light reaction takes place in presence of PS I only
(b) Only PS I is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation
(c) Cyclic photophosphorylation results into synthesis of ATP and NADPH
(d) Stroma lamellae lack PS II as well as NADP reductase
Options :
1. (c) and (d)
2. (b) and (d)
3. (a) and (b)
4. (b) and (c)

In Kranz anatomy, the bundle sheath cells have

With reference to factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, which of the following statements is not correct?

Assertion: Not all organisms use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon atoms to carry out photosynthesis.
Reason: Photoheterotrophs use organic compounds, rather than carbon dioxide, as a source of carbon.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The Calvin cycle in most plants occurs during daylight.
Reason: None of the steps of the Calvin cycle require light directly

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Assertion: Action spectrum of photosynthesis is much broader than the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a.
Reason: Accessory pigments with different absorption spectra are also present in chloroplasts.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria are different.
Reason: In chloroplasts the high energy electrons come from food while in mitochondria they come from water.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion: Transfer of electrons from the split water molecule to P${680}^{+}$ is easy.
Reason: P${680}^{+}$ is the strongest biological oxidizing agent known.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.