One mechanism that promotes co-existence rather than exclusion amongst competing species is:

1.	Periodic migration	2.	Hibernation and aestivation
3.	Resource partitioning	4.	Reproductive isolation

Which of the following is not an ectoparasite?
1. Lice on humans
2. Copepods on marine fishes
3. Mistletoe on other plants
4. Female Anopheles on humans

Cuckoos laying their eggs in the nests of crow is an example of:

An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch is an example of:

All the following relations are examples of commensalism except:

Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and:

In mycorrhiza, the fungi help the plant in:
1. Synthesis of high energy carbohydrates
2. Absorption of essential nutrients from the soil
3. Nitrogen fixation
4. Biocontrol of pathogens

The fig tree is pollinated by a:

To get pollinated by a bee, the Mediterranean Orchid, Ophrys, employs:
1. Sexual deceit
2. Pseudo-copulation
3. Reward in the form of nectar
4. Place for laying eggs

Not all parasitism involves feeding on the body of the host. The exception is:
1. ectoparasitism
2. endoparasitism
3. parasitoids
4. brood parasitism