The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposers is called   
1. Secondary productivity
2. Standing crop
3. Gross primary productivity
4. Net primary productivity

Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of a biological community.  
1. Natality
2. Mortality
3. Sex-ratio
4. Stratification

Large Woody Vines are more commonly found in :   
1. Temperate forest
2. Mangroves
3. Tropical rainforests
4. Alpine forests

Which one of the following statements is correct for secondary succession?    
1. It begins on a bare rock
2. It occurs on a deforested site
3. It follows the primary succession
4. It is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively fast pace

Which one of the following statements for pyramid of energy is incorrect, whereas the remaining three are correct?
1. Its base is broad
2. It shows energy content of different trophic level organisms
3. It is inverted in shape
4.It is upright in shape

Both, hydrarch and xerarch successions lead to:  
1. Medium water conditions
2. Xeric conditions
3. Highly dry conditions
4. Excessive wet conditions

The breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm is a process called 
1. Humification
2. Fragmentation
3. Mineralisation
4. Catabolism

Which one of the following is not a gaseous biogeochemical cycle in ecosystem ?  
1. Sulphur cycle
2. Phosphorus cycle
3. Nitrogen cycle
4. Carbon cycle

Identify the possible link "A" in the following food chain :    
Plant → insect - frog → "A" → Eagle
1. Rabbit
2. WoIf
3. Cobra
4. Parrot

Given below is an imaginary pyramid of numbers. What could be one of the possibilities about certain organisms at some of the different levels?