It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because:
1. The efficiency of muscles in large animals is less than in the small animals.
2. It is easier to carry a small body weight.
3. Smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate.
4. Small animals have a lower ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ requirement.

Which one of the following characteristics is not shared by birds and mammals? 
1. Warm blooded nature 

2. Ossified endoskeleton

3. Breathing using lungs

4. Viviparity

Plants which produce characteristic Pneumatophores and show vivipary belong to 
1. Mesophytes
2. halophytes
3. Psammophytes
4. Hydrophytes

The biome characterized by a mean annual temperature between 0$°$C and 25$°$C and mean annual precipitation between 25 cm and 100 cm is:
1. Desert
2. Arctic and alpine tundra
3. Temperate forest
4. Grassland

Identify the biome that is not correctly matched with the physical parameters given in corresponding Column II and Column III:

Not all parasitism involves feeding on the body of the host. The exception is:
1. ectoparasitism
2. endoparasitism
3. parasitoids
4. brood parasitism

During logistic growth, the sigmoid curve will level off when:
1. the population stops reproducing
2. the population starts reproducing asexually
3. the population reaches the environmental carrying capacity
4. sigmoid growth curves never levels off

The population distribution pattern that will be seen in territoriality is:
1. random
2. uniform
3. clumped
4. None of the above. Territoriality isn't important in determining distribution patterns.

If an organism has type III survivorship curve, the mortality rate of the population will be:
1. fairly constant throughout life
2. higher in post-reproductive years
3. lower after the organisms become established
4. unrelated to age

Morphological defense is the most common defense in plants against herbivory. An example of such a defense would be:
1. Beltian bodies
2. mustard oils
3. epiphytes
4. silica