The respiratory center in humans can be primarily stimulated by:
1. carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions
2. oxygen gas levels in the blood
3. oxygen gas levels in the hemoglobin
4. conscious feeling for the need for more oxygen
The peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies respond to:
1. hydrogen ion concentration.
2. levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
3. levels of oxygen in the blood.
4. all of the above
What will happern to the rate and depth of breathing when blood carbon dioxide rises?
1. decreases | 2. increases |
3. stays the same | 4. stops |
Both carbon dioxide and oxygen move across the respiratory membrane due to:
1. gravity | 2. blood pressure |
3. diffusion | 4. active transport |
With respect to the atmospheric air, the deoxygenated blood flowing into lung capillaries has a higher concentration of:
1. oxygen | 2. both carbon dioxide and oxygen |
3. carbon monoxide | 4. carbon dioxide |
Hemoglobin carrying carbon dioxide is called as:
1. Deoxyhemoglobin | 2. Carbaminohemoglobin |
3. Carboxyhemoglobin | 4. Oxyhemoglobin |
A measure of the amount of air a person inhales during a normal breath is:
1. inspiratory reserve volume | 2. vital capacity |
3. total lung capacity | 4. tidal volume |
The amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling is known as:
1. tidal volume | 2. expiratory reserve volume |
3. vital capacity | 4. residual volume |
Gas exchange in the human lungs takes place across the respiratory membrane which is made up of:
1. alveolar macrophages and the alveolar cell membrane
2. alveolar cell membrane and its basement membrane
3. alveolar cell membrane and capillary membrane
4. alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes
The conversion of carbon dioxide into carbonic acid in the red blood cells is catalyzed by the enzyme:
1. hemoglobin | 2. carbonic anhydrase |
3. carbonic oxidoreductase | 4. carbonic transferase |