| 1. | \(\Big(\dfrac{-qQ}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\dfrac{1}{a}\Big)\sqrt {2}\) |
2. | \(\Big(\dfrac{qQ}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\dfrac{1}{a}\Big)\sqrt{2}\) |
| 3. | \(\Big(\dfrac{qQ}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\dfrac{1}{a}\Big)\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\) | 4. | zero |
| 1. | \(2.5~\text{Vm}^{-1}\) | 2. | \(-2.5~\text{Vm}^{-1}\) |
| 3. | \(\dfrac{2}{5}~\text{Vm}^{-1}\) | 4. | \(-\dfrac{2}{5}~\text{Vm}^{-1}\) |

| Assertion (A): | Absolute potential at any point is meaningful only when some reference level for the potential is defined. |
| Reason (R): | The capacitance of any parallel plate capacitor depends on the charge on the capacitor and the voltage applied across the plates. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| 1. | 2. | ||
| 3. | 4. |
| Assertion (A): | The potential at the centre cannot be \(0\) V. |
| Reason (R): | Potential in the interior of a sphere must always be greater than the potential on the surface. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 2. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |

| Assertion (A): | The electric flux due to the external charge \(q\) and the induced charges on the sphere through the spherical surface \(S\) shown dotted in the diagram, is \(\left(-\dfrac{q}{\varepsilon_0}\right)\). |
| Reason (R): | Negative charges are induced on the surface of the conducting sphere due to the positive charge \(q\) in the vicinity, and the potential of the conducting sphere is zero. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| (I) | The charge on the plates increases. |
| (II) | The energy stored in the capacitor increases. |
| (III) | Work is done by the battery as the slab is inserted. |
| 1. | (I), and (II) are True. |
| 2. | (I) and (III) are True. |
| 3. | only (I) is True. |
| 4. | (I), (II), and (III) are True. |
| (I) | The charge on the plates. |
| (II) | The potential difference between the plates. |
| (III) | The energy stored in the capacitor. |
| 1. | (I) only | 2. | (I) and (II) |
| 3. | (I) and (III) | 4. | (I), (II) and (III) |
| Assertion (A): | Radio transmitters do not work satisfactorily when used inside a railway carriage. |
| Reason (R): | Railway carriage is made of iron which acts as Faraday cages. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |