a. | electrons move from lower energy level to higher energy level in the conduction band |
b. | electrons move from higher energy level to lower energy level in the conduction band |
c. | holes in the valence band move from higher energy level to lower energy level |
d. | holes in the valence band move from lower energy level to higher energy level |
a. | there are no mobile charges |
b. | equal number of holes and electrons exist, making the region neutral |
c. | recombination of holes and electrons has taken place |
d. | immobile charged ions exist |
1. | the current and voltage across the Zener remain fixed. |
2. | the current through the series Resistance (Rs) changes. |
3. | the Zener resistance is constant. |
4. | the resistance offered by the Zener changes. |
1. | (a, b) |
2. | (b, d) |
3. | (b, c) |
4. | (c, d) |
a. | the large velocity of the minority charge carriers if the doping concentration is small |
b. | the large velocity of the minority charge carriers if the doping concentration is large |
c. | strong electric field in a depletion region if the doping concentration is small |
d. | strong electric field in the depletion region if the doping concentration is large |
1. | would be zero at all times |
2. | would be like a half wave rectifier with positive cycles in output |
3. | would be like a half wave rectifier with negative cycles in output |
4. | would be like that of a full wave rectifier |
1. | an anti-particle of electron. |
2. | a vacancy created when an electron leaves a covalent bond. |
3. | absence of free electrons. |
4. | an artificially created particle. |