A measure of the amount of air a person inhales during a normal breath is:
1. inspiratory reserve volume | 2. vital capacity |
3. total lung capacity | 4. tidal volume |
The amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling is known as:
1. tidal volume | 2. expiratory reserve volume |
3. vital capacity | 4. residual volume |
Gas exchange in the human lungs takes place across the respiratory membrane which is made up of:
1. | alveolar macrophages and the alveolar cell membrane |
2. | alveolar cell membrane and its basement membrane |
3. | alveolar cell membrane and capillary membrane |
4. | alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes |
The conversion of carbon dioxide into carbonic acid in the red blood cells is catalyzed by the enzyme:
1. hemoglobin | 2. carbonic anhydrase |
3. carbonic oxidoreductase | 4. carbonic transferase |
When compared with carbon dioxide, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air and its solubility in water is respectively:
1. | lower, lower | 2. | lower, higher |
3. | greater, lower | 4. | greater, higher |
What is the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively in the venous blood leaving the tissues [in mm of Hg]?
1. | 104, 40 | 2. | 95, 40 |
3. | 40, 45 | 4. | 20, 46 |
A minimal amount of pleural fluid present in the pleural cavity:
1. | provides a medium for the exchange of respiratory gases |
2. | reduces friction between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
3. | provides lubrication for movements of the diaphragm |
4. | permits the exchange of electrolytes during respiration |
When the diaphragm or external intercostal muscles contract, intrapulmonary pressure should
1. | increase | 2. | decrease |
3. | remain constant | 4. | equal atmospheric pressure |
During deglutition, the food is prevented from entering into the larynx by the cartilaginous:
1. epiglottis | 2. glottis |
3. aryepiglottic fold | 4. laryngeal prominence |