Assertion (A): | Regulation of lac operon by a repressor is referred to as negative regulation. |
Reason (R): | lac operon is under the control of positive regulation as well. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
Assertion (A): | Human Genome Project was closely associated with the rapid development of a new area in biology called Bioinformatics. |
Reason (R): | One of the greatest impacts of having the Human Genome sequence may well be enabling a radically new approach to biological research. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
Assertion (A): | Learning about non-human organisms DNA sequences is not important for human beings. |
Reason (R): | The Genetic code is not universal. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
1. | Identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA and determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA. |
2. | Store the information in databases, improve tools for data analysis, and transfer related technologies to other sectors, such as industries. |
3. | Address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. |
4. | Develop technology to enable the introduction of genes into humans to manipulate their phenotypes and allow humans to demand a tailor-made gene composition for themselves. |
1. | The Human Genome Project was a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health. |
2. | Many non-human model organisms, such as bacteria, yeast, Caenorhabditis Elegans (a free-living non-pathogenic nematode), Drosophila (the fruit fly), plants (rice and Arabidopsis), etc., have also been sequenced. |
3. | The sequence of chromosome 1 was completed only in May 2016 (this was the last of the 24 human chromosomes – 22 autosomes and X and Y – to be sequenced). |
4. | The fragments were sequenced using automated DNA sequencers that worked on the principle of a method developed by Frederick Sanger. |
A: | Expressed Sequence Tags | Fragments of mRNA sequences derived through single sequencing reactions performed on randomly selected clones from cDNA libraries. |
B: | Sequence Annotations | The process of marking specific features in a DNA, RNA, or protein sequence with descriptive information about structure or function. |
1. | Only A | 2. | Only B |
3. | Both A and B | 4. | Neither A nor B |
Assertion (A): | During density gradient centrifugation, repetitive DNA are separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks. |
Reason (R): | The probability of observing DNA polymorphism in non-coding sequences of DNA is higher than in the coding sequences. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
Assertion (A): | Repetitive units of DNA, micro-satellites, and mini-satellites are the basis of DNA fingerprinting. |
Reason (R): | DNA fingerprinting is the basis of paternity testing, in cases of disputes. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
Statement I: | involves identifying differences in some specific regions in DNA sequence called as repetitive DNA. |
Statement II: | repetitive DNA is separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation. |
1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
2. | Only Statement I is correct. |
3. | Only Statement II is correct. |
4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. |
1. | Satellite DNA forms small peaks other than the bulk DNA during density gradient centrifugation. |
2. | Depending on the base composition (A: T rich or G: C rich), length of the segment, and the number of repetitive units, the satellite DNA is classified into many categories, such as micro-satellites, mini-satellites etc. |
3. | These sequences normally do not code for any proteins, but they form a large portion of the human genome. |
4. | These sequences do not show any polymorphism and form the basis of DNA fingerprinting. |