In 1953, S. L. Miller created primitive earth conditions in the laboratory and gave experimental evidence for the origin of the first form of life from pre-existing non-living organic molecules. The primitive earth conditions created include:

1.	low temperature, volcanic storms, an atmosphere rich in oxygen
2.	low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere
3.	high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere
4.	high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3 etc.

Which of the following types of natural selection reduces variation but does not change the mean value?

Which of the following pairs of organs do not represent analogous organs?

Plica semilunaris on the inside corner of the eye and, muscles in the pinna are:

The wings of birds, the forelegs of a horse, and the upper limbs of humans are:

The “Biogenetic Law” was given by :

“Organisms that share common descent show underlying embryological patterns on which they build later their adult patterns”. This is :

Lichens are very sensitive to pollution. In England, after the onset of the industrial revolution, the lichens were adversely affected and the frequency of the dark-colored peppered moths increased because they were:
1. protected from carcinogens
2. protected from lichen poisons
3. more robust
4. protected from predation

The control apparatus of the Urey and Miller experiment was devoid of :
1. a provision for evaporation
2. an arrangement for circulation
3. a source of energy
4. an arrangement for condensation

The type of natural selection that operates to eliminate intermediate phenotypes in a population is known as: