Assertion (A): | When we look at stars on a clear night sky we are, in a way, looking back in time. |
Reason (R): | When we see objects in our immediate surroundings we see them instantly and hence in the present time. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
1. | 20 billion years back | 2. | 10 billion years back |
3. | 4.5 billion years back | 4. | 3.0 billion years back |
I: | Water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia released from molten mass covered the surface. |
II: | The UV rays from the sun broke up water into Hydrogen and Oxygen and the lighter H2 escaped. |
III: | Oxygen combined with ammonia and methane to form water, CO2, and other gases. |
IV: | As it cooled, the water vapour fell as rain, filling all the depressions and forming oceans. |
I: | The first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) |
II: | The formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., the formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents. |
I: | All living organisms (species or types) that we see today were created as such. |
II: | Diversity was always the same since creation and will be the same in the future also. |
III: | Earth is about 4 billion years old. |
1. | Existing living forms share similarities to varying degrees not only among themselves but also with life forms that existed millions of years ago. |
2. | There had been extinctions of different life forms in the years gone by just as new forms of life arose at different periods of the history of the earth. |
3. | There has been a sudden and dramatic evolution of life forms. |
4. | Those characteristics which enable some to survive better in natural conditions (climate, food, physical factors, etc.) would outbreed others that are less endowed to survive under such natural conditions. |
I: | Fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness. |
II: | Those who are a better fit in an environment, leave more progeny than others. |
1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
3. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
1. | Georges Cuvier | 2. | Lyell |
3. | Hugo de Vries | 4. | Alfred Russell Wallace |
Statement I: | The embryos of all vertebrates including humans develop a row of vestigial gill slits just behind the head but it is a functional organ only in fish and not found in any other adult vertebrates. |
Statement II: | Karl Ernst von Baer noted that embryos never pass through the adult stages of other animals. |
1. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
3. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |