An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch is an example of:
1. | Ectoparasitism | 2. | Endopararsitism |
3. | Commensalism | 4. | Mutualism |
All the following relations are examples of commensalism except:
1. | Sea anemone and clown fish |
2. | Cattle egret and grazing cattle |
3. | Barnacles growing on the back of whale |
4. | Cuscuta growing on hedge plants |
I: | The anemone provides the clownfish with protection and shelter |
II: | The clownfish provides the anemone nutrients in the form of waste while also scaring off potential predator fish |
1. | Competition | 2. | Commensalism |
3. | Mutualism | 4. | Parasitism |
Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and:
1. | an algae | 2. | a cyanobacterium |
3. | a brown alga | 4. | either 1 or 2 |
In mycorrhiza, the fungi help the plant in:
1. Synthesis of high energy carbohydrates
2. Absorption of essential nutrients from the soil
3. Nitrogen fixation
4. Biocontrol of pathogens
The fig tree is pollinated by a:
1. | Honeybee | 2. | Wasp |
3. | Bird | 4. | Moth |
To get pollinated by a bee, the Mediterranean Orchid, Ophrys, employs:
1. Sexual deceit
2. Pseudo-copulation
3. Reward in the form of nectar
4. Place for laying eggs
Assertion (A): | Plant-animal interactions often involve co-evolution of the mutualists. |
Reason (R): | The mutually beneficial system should be safeguarded against ‘cheaters’. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
I: | Many species of fig trees can only be pollinated by their ‘partner’ wasp species and no other species. |
II: | The female wasp does not derive any benefit from this relationship. |