Large Woody Vines are more commonly found in :   
1. Temperate forest
2. Mangroves
3. Tropical rainforests
4. Alpine forests

An easily disturbed ecosystem which can recover after some time after the stoppage of  damaging factor is of
1. Low stability and high resilience
2. High stability and high resilience
3. Low stability and low resilience
4. High stability and low resilience

The second stage of hydrosere is occupied by plants like :   
1. Azolla
2.Typha
3.Salix
4. Vallisneria

In primary succession in water, the pioneers are normally:
1. Lichens
2. Mosses
3. Phytoplankton
4. Submerged rooted plants

Both, hydrarch and xerarch successions lead to:
1. Excessive wet conditions
2. Medium water conditions
3. Xeric conditions
4. Highly dry conditions

Secondary Succession takes place on/in :  
1. Degraded forest
2. Newly created pond
3. Newly cooled lava
4. Bare rock

Match the following and select the correct option :  
(a) Earthworm                       (i) Pioneer species
(b) Succession                      (ii) Detrivore
(c) Ecosystem service           (iii) Natality
(d) Population growth            (iv) Pollination

     a       b       c      d
1. (i)      (ii)    (iii)    (iv)
2. (iv)     (i)    (iii)    (ii)
3. (iii)     (ii)   (iv)    (i)
4. (ii)      (i)    (iv)    (iii)