If a species of bacteria has multiple strains but only some are pathogenic, it is likely that unlike the non-pathogenic strains, the pathogenic strains will have:
1. Plasmids
2. Lipopolysaccharide
3. Pili
4. Flagellum

A genophore is the DNA of a prokaryote. Though it is commonly referred to as a prokaryotic chromosome, the term “chromosome” is misleading, because:
1. the genophore lacks chromatin
2. the genophore is circular rather than linear
3. the genophore replicates without telomeres
4. the genophore is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane

Consider the given two statements:
I. Carboxysomes are thought to have evolved as a consequence of the increase in oxygen concentration in the ancient atmosphere
II. Oxygen is a competing substrate to carbon dioxide in the RuBisCO reaction

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect

Cytoskeleton elements involved in intracellular transport, the formation of the axoneme of cilia and flagella and the mitotic spindle, are:
1. Microfilaments
2. Intermediate filaments
3. Microtubules
4. FTS-Z

Consider the given two statements:
I. Lugol's iodine solution is always added after addition of crystal violet in Gram staining.
II. Lugol’s iodine helps in counter-staining, if required.

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect

Cytoskeleton elements involved in muscle contraction, cytokinesis and cytoplasmic streaming are:
1. Microfilaments
2. Intermediate filaments
3. Microtubules
4. FTS-Z

Consider the given two statements:
I. Only eukaryotes have cytoskeleton components.
II. The cell wall is the only deciding factor for many bacterial cell shapes.

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect

Consider the given two statements

I. Placing phospholipids into an aqueous solution immediately results in their forming a lipid bilayer.
II. Phospholipids have a strong affinity for other phospholipids, leading to self assembly by covalent bonding.

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect

Identify the incorrect statement regarding endospores in bacteria:
1. An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria and archaea.
2. Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients, and usually occurs in gram-positive bacteria.
3. The endospore consists of the bacterium's DNA, ribosomes and large amounts of dipicolinic acid.
4. When favorable conditions return, a large number of cells are produced as a result of endospore germination.

Consider the given two statements:
I. In plants the glyoxylate cycle occurs in special peroxisomes which are called glyoxysomes.
II. This cycle allows seeds to use lipids as a source of energy to form the shoot during germination.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct and II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect