Coenzyme A, formed in part from one of the B vitamins, functions to:

1.	Oxidize pyruvate	2.	Reduce pyruvate
3.	Activate the acetyl group	4.	Facilitate electron flow

In lactate fermentation, the final electron acceptor is:

The glycolytic pathway occurs in:
1. cytoplasm
2. chloroplasts
3. matrix of the mitochondrion
4. cristae of the mitochondrion

Maximum energy can be released during the oxidation of:

In the ETS in mitochondria, identify the product that is not correctly matched with its number:

Direct use of oxygen is in:

In the glycolytic pathway, ATP formation:
1. does not occur
2. requires presence of oxygen
3. needs a proton gradient across a membrane
4. involves substrate-level phosphorylation

Yeast cells are able to regenerate ${\mathrm{NAD}}^{+}$ regenerated from NADH during the :
1. reduction of acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol
2. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
3. reduction of pyruvate to form lactate
4. oxidation of NAD⁺ in the citric acid cycle

Fats and proteins can also provide us energy. For this to happen:

All the following will normally occur during the electron flow in ETS in mitochondria except:
1. NADH and ${\mathrm{FADH}}_2$ are oxidized.
2. the pH of the matrix decreases.
3. the electrons lose free energy.
4. an electrochemical gradient is formed.