In genetic engineering, the antibiotic-resistance gene is used:
1.  To select healthy vectors
2.  As sequences from where replication starts
3.  To keep the cultures free of infection
4.  As selectable markers

Which of the following are used in gene cloning:

1. Lomasomes

2. Mesosomes

3. Plasmids

4. Nucleoids

In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents (A-D) in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors:

Options:

DNA strands on a gel, stained with ethidium bromide, when viewed under UV radiation, appear as:

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

1. Extension, Denaturation, Annealing

2. Annealing, Denaturation, Extension

3. Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

4. Denaturation, Extension, Annealing

During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out:

Plasmid pBR322 has a PstI restriction enzyme site within gene amp^R that confers ampicillin resistance. If this enzyme is used for inserting a gene for $\mathrm{\beta }$-galactoside production and the recombinant plasmid is inserted in an E.coli strain,

A specific recognition sequence identified by endonucleases to make cuts at specific positions within the DNA is:

During the process of gene amplification using PCR, if a very high temperature is not maintained in the beginning, then which of the following PCR will be affected first?

During the process of gel electrophoresis, DNA moves towards the _$\underline{\mathrm{A}}$_ of the electrophoretic chamber as the charge of DNA is _$\underline{\mathrm{B}}$_.
Choose the option that fills the blanks correctly.

         A               B
1. Cathode       Positive
2. Cathode      Negative
3. Anode        Positive
4. Anode        Negative