Of the total incident solar radiation the proportion of PAR is 

1. about 60%

2. less than 50%

3. more than 80%

4. about 70%

Energy flow in an ecosystem is 

(1) unidirectional

(2) bidirectional

(3) multi-directional

(4) All the these 

What is the source of energy for all ecosystems on Earth, except for the deep sea hydro-thermal ecosystem?

1. Sun

2. Hydrothermal vents

3. Lava

4. Water

What proportion of the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) is captured by plants?

1. 1 - 10%

2. 2 - 10%

3. 5 - 15%

4. 5 - 25%

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

Which are the primary consumers in a grazing food chain?

1. Carnivores

2. Herbivores

3. Detrivores

4. Omnivores

What do secondary carnivores refer to?

1. Animals at second trophic level

2. Those animals that depend on the herbivores for food

3. Those animals that depend on the primary carnivores for food

4. Those animals that depend on the secondary herbivores for food

GPP utilizes ___________ of incident radiation

1. 1 - 5%

2. 2 - 10%

3. 0.8 - 4%

4. 1.6 - 8%

Which trophic level is incorrectly defined?
1. Carnivores- secondary or tertiary consumer
2. Decomposer- microbial heterotrophs
3. Herbivores - primary consumer
4. Omnivores - Molds, yeast and mushrooms

The detritus food chain (DFC) begins with _________. It is made up of decomposers which are _________ organisms, mainly _________. They meet their energy and nutrient requirements by degrading _________.