I: | The haemolymph is composed of colourless plasma and haemocytes. |
II: | The heart lies along mid ventral line of thorax and abdomen. |
I: | It consists of a network of trachea that open through 12 pairs of spiracles present on ventral side of the body. |
II: | The opening of spiracles is regulated by sphincters. |
III: | Exchange of gases takes place at the tracheoles by diffusion. |
I: | It is located on the ventral side of the body. |
II: | There are three thoracic ganglia and six abdominal ganglia. |
1. | Collateral Gland | 2. | Phallic Gland |
3. | Mushroom Gland | 4. | Corpora Allata |
I: | On average, females produce 9 to 10 oothecae, each containing 14 to 16 eggs. |
II: | The nymph grows by moulting about 13 times to reach adult form. |
I: | Collagen and Elastin fibres are secreted by cells of all connective tissues |
II: | Matrix (ground substance) is predominantly polysaccharides |
III: | Connective tissues link or support other tissues/ organs of the body |
I: | The entire foregut is lined by cuticle. |
II: | The hind gut is broader than midgut and is differentiated into ileum, colon and rectum. |
I: | Gastric or hepatic caeca are 6 to 8 in number and present at the junction of mid gut and hind gut. |
II: | Malpighian tubules are 100 to 150 in number and present at the junction of fore gut and mid gut. |
I: | The abdomen in both males and females has ten segments. |
II: | In females, the seventh sternum is boat shaped and together with eighth and ninth sterna forms a brood or genital pouch. |
III: | In males, genital pouch of chamber is bounded dorsally by ninth and tenth terga and ventrally by ninth sternum. |