1. | It has no net charge. |
2. | It has a positive and a negative charge at different parts of the molecule. |
3. | It can donate a proton to the surrounding medium. |
4. | It can accept a proton from the surrounding medium. |
Assertion (A): | Glycogen has one reducing end. |
Reason (R): | The reducing end is where non-reducing sugars can be added to the glycogen molecule. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
1. | Enzymes work by increasing the temperature of substrates. |
2. | Enzymes reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction. |
3. | Enzymes provide ATP to reactions. |
4. | Enzymes permanently change shape after a reaction. |
1. | Lipids are primarily polar and hydrophilic. |
2. | Lipids are polymers of amino acids. |
3. | Lipids are generally insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. |
4. | Lipids are made of glycerol and three phosphate groups. |
Column A | Column B | ||
1. | Alkaloids | A. | Tannins |
2. | Terpenoids | B. | Rubber |
3. | Polyphenols | C. | Caffeine |
Assertion (A): | Lipids are not considered macromolecules. |
Reason (R): | Lipids are not polymers. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
Assertion (A): | Vitamins are essential components in metabolic processes. |
Reason (R): | They act as coenzymes and help in the catalysis of biochemical reactions. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
1. | Most carbohydrates function primarily as structural components in cell walls. |
2. | They serve as energy stores, fuels, and metabolic intermediates. |
3. | Carbohydrates are commonly found as steroids and hormones in organisms. |
4. | They are involved in cell recognition and signalling processes. |
1. | Enzyme activity decreases indefinitely as temperature increases due to increased kinetic energy of the substrates. |
2. | Enzyme activity increases until an optimum temperature is reached, beyond which activity declines rapidly due to denaturation. |
3. | Enzyme activity is independent of temperature changes within the living organism’s permissible range. |
4. | High temperatures always increase enzyme stability and, therefore, enhance enzyme activity. |
I. | Starch | - | Storage of glucose in plants |
II. | Glycogen | - | Storage of glucose in animals |
III. | Cellulose | - | Structural component of plant cell walls |
IV. | Chitin | - | Structural component in fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of insects |