I: | are themselves under genetic control |
II: | have to take place in a coordinated way |
1. | Chromosomal material condenses to form compact mitotic chromosomes. |
2. | Chromosomes are seen to be composed of two chromatids attached together at the centromere. |
3. | Centrosome undergoes duplication during prophase. |
4. | Each centrosome radiates out microtubules called asters. |
1. | Early Prophase | |
2. | Late Prophase | |
3. | Transition to Metaphase | |
4. | Anaphase |
1. | Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis and Diplotene. |
2. | Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis. |
3. | Leptotene, Pachytene, Zygotene, Diakinesis and Diplotene. |
4. | Diplotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis and Leptotene. |
I: | paired chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes. |
II: | Chromosome synapsis is accompanied by the formation of complex structure called synaptonemal complex. |
III: | The complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes is called a bivalent or a tetrad. |
IV: | Tetrads are most clearly visible during zygotene. |
I: | is the exchange of genetic material between two sister chromatids of heterologous chromosomes. |
II: | is an enzyme-mediated process and the enzyme involved is called recombinase. |
III: | leads to recombination of genetic material on the two chromosomes. |
IV: | is completed by the end of pachytene, leaving the chromosomes linked at the sites of crossing over. |
1. | The homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids remain associated at their centromeres. |
2. | Simultaneous splitting of the centromere of each chromosome allows the sister chromatids to move towards opposite poles of the cell. |
3. | The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope also breaks down. |
4. | the centrosome in animal cells undergoes replication. |
I: | the chromosomes align at the equator. |
II: | the microtubules from opposite poles of the spindle get attached to the kinetochores of sister chromatids. |