I: | electrons that come from water. |
II: | protons that are removed from the stroma. |
Assertion(A): | Breakdown of proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane leads to the synthesis of ATP. |
Reason(R): | The gradient is broken down due to the movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma through the transmembrane channel of the CF0 of the ATP synthase. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Assertion(A): | The enzyme that catalyses carboxylation of RuBP in Calvin cycle would be more correctly called RuBisCO rather than RuBP carboxylase. |
Reason(R): | This enzyme also has an oxygenation activity apart from a carboxylase activity. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both(A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
I: | There is a large number of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space compared to the number in the stroma. |
II: | Hydrogen ions diffuse through special channels called ATP synthase complex. |
III: | ATP synthase complex splits ATP into ADP plus phosphate. |
IV: | Hydrogen ions flow down their electrochemical gradient through the ATP synthase complex. |
I: | Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain nutrients by consuming the carbon of other organisms |
II: | Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own nutrients from the carbon of inorganic substances like carbon dioxide. |
1. | Only I is correct |
2. | Only II is correct |
3. | Both I and II are correct |
4. | Both I and II are incorrect |
I: | Photosystem I (PS I) functions before Photosystem II (PS II) during the light reaction. |
II: | In PS I, the reaction centre chlorophyll a has an absorption peak at 680 nm, hence is called P680. |
III: | In PS II, the reaction centre chlorophyll a has absorption maxima at 700 nm, and is called P700. |