Which of the following have the capability and enzymatic machinery to achieve partial oxidation of glucose without the help of oxygen?
1. All living organisms
2. All prokaryotes only
3. Only obligate anaerobes and all prokaryotes
4. Only facultative and obligate anaerobes
I: | less than 7 percent of energy in glucose is released. |
II: | all energy released is trapped as high energy bonds of ATP. |
Assertion (A): | Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration where glucose is partially oxidized to produce energy. |
Reason (R): | Fermentation results in the production of ethanol or lactic acid without the use of oxygen. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
3. | (A) is True, (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False, (R) is True. |
1. | Pyruvate is oxidised to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide. |
2. | Glucose is phosphorylated twice using ATP. |
3. | ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate. |
4. | Pyruvate is reduced to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide. |
Assertion (A): | The electron transport chain in plant cells is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. |
Reason (R): | ATP synthesis in mitochondria is directly linked to the gradient of protons formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Assertion (A): | Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of plant cells. |
Reason (R): | Glycolysis does not require oxygen, making it an anaerobic process. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Assertion (A): | Presence of oxygen is vital for aerobic cellular respiration |
Reason (R): | Oxygen is required in all steps from glycolysis to electron transport involved in aerobic cellular respiration |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
3. | (A) is True; (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False; (R) is True |
A: | ATP production takes place by substrate-level phosphorylation. |
B: | ATP is used and produced. |
C: | The end products are carbon dioxide and water. |