Q. No.Which of the following is incorrect regarding emphysema?
1.
Alveolar walls are damaged
2.
There is an increase in the respiratory surface
3.
Major cause is cigarette smoking
4.
Can be caused by deficiency of Alpha-1-antitrypsin enzyme
The value of which of the following is normally the highest in normal physiological conditions?
| 1. | Residual volume | 2. | Expiratory reserve volume |
| 3. | Functional residual capacity | 4. | Inspiratory reserve volume |
What amount of carbon dioxide is delivered by every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood at the alveoli under normal physiological conditions?
| 1. 4 ml | 2. 5 ml |
| 3. 15 ml | 4. 20 ml |
The oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right in all the following conditions except:
| 1. Presence of 2,3-DPG | 2. Increased temperature |
| 3. Increased pH | 4. Increased carbon dioxide |
The binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin:
I: is related to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide
II: is affected by the partial pressure of oxygen
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Under normal physiological conditions, the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration in a healthy human being is about:
| 1. | 2300 ml | 2. | 3500 ml |
| 3. | 4600 ml | 4. | 5800 ml |
Branchial respiration is seen in all the following except:
| 1. Aquatic arthropods | 2. Fishes |
| 3. Amphibians like frog | 4. Aquatic mollusks |
The volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis can be increased by:
1. Contraction of diaphragm
2. Relaxation of diaphragm
3. Contraction of external intercostals
4. Contraction of internal intercostals
The partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated blood is about:
| 1. 104 mmHg | 2. 100 mmHg |
| 3. 95 mmHg | 4. 40 mmHg |
Which of the following equations regarding the calculation of pulmonary capacities would be correct?
| 1. IC = IRV – TV | 2. EC = VC – IRV |
| 3. VC = ERV + IRV | 4. TLC = VC – RV |
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