Statement I: | The vital capacity (VC) of the lungs is equal to the sum of the tidal volume (TV), the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and the expiratory reserve volume (ERV). |
Statement II: | Mathematically, FRC can be represented as: FRC = RV + ERV |
1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
2. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
3. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct |
4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
1. | Tidal Volume (TV) is the total volume of air that can be exhaled after normal inhalation. |
2. | Residual Volume (RV) is the amount of air left in the lungs after a forceful exhalation. |
3. | Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the volume of air inhaled during a normal breath. |
4. | Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation. |
1. | Asthma is characterized by excessive mucus production while emphysema involves the destruction of alveoli. |
2. | Emphysema is an acute response to allergens, whereas asthma is a chronic condition. |
3. | Asthma can be cured by medication, while emphysema is irreversible. |
4. | Emphysema results from allergic reactions, while asthma results from long-term exposure to pollutants. |
1. | Capillary endothelium, alveolar epithelium, and basement membrane |
2. | Alveolar epithelium, alveolar macrophages, and capillary endothelium |
3. | Mucous layer, alveolar epithelium, and capillary endothelium |
4. | Basement membrane, mucous layer, and alveolar macrophages |
Assertion (A): | The thoracic chamber, being airtight, is critical for breathing. |
Reason (R): | Movement of rib cage can bring about inhalation and exhalation. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Assertion (A): | O2 has a greater diffusing capacity than CO2 across the respiratory diffusion membrane. |
Reason (R): | O2 is more soluble in water than CO2. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
During summer sleep and winter sleep in frogs, the gaseous exchange takes place:
1. Across the alveoli in the lungs.
2. Through the moist buccal mucosa.
3. In the gills.
4. Through the skin.
1. | Decreased oxygen affinity, indicating conditions such as a lower pH, a higher temperature, or increased levels of CO2. |
2. | Increased oxygen affinity, indicating conditions such as a higher pH, a lower temperature, or decreased levels of CO2. |
3. | Decreased temperature and CO2 levels, leading to a reduced ability of hemoglobin to release oxygen to tissues. |
4. | Increased hemoglobin saturation with oxygen at lower partial pressures, indicating hyperventilation. |