A counter current mechanism for concentration of urine exists between:

1. Ascending limb of vasa recta and ascending limb of loop of Henle
2. Descending limb of vasa recta and descending limb of loop of Henle
3. Collecting duct and ascending limb of loop of Henle
4. Collecting duct and descending limb of loop of Henle

Subtopic:  Concentration of Urine: I |
 54%
From NCERT
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Removal rate of carbon dioxide by lungs is approximately:

1. 125 ml/minute 2. 200 ml/minute
3. 280 ml/minute 4. 325 ml/minute
Subtopic:  Role of other Organs in Excretion |
 76%
From NCERT
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Uremia patients can have all the following except:
1. Increased blood glucose between meals
2. Anemia
3. Osteomalacia
4. An acidic blood pH

Subtopic:  Disorders of Excretory System |
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding proximal convoluted tubule:

1. It is lined by simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
2. It reabsorbs 70-80 % of electrolytes and water and nearly all nutrients
3. In juxta-medullary nephrons, it extends deep into the renal medulla
4. It secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and reabsorbs bicarbonate ions to maintain the ionic and pH balance of the body fluids
Subtopic:  Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
 73%
From NCERT
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Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:

1. GFR – 125 ml/min
2. Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day
3. Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day
4. Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min
Subtopic:  Disorders of Excretory System |
 69%
From NCERT
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In hemodialysis, the role of artificial kidney is actually played by:

1. Dialysate 2. Blood pump
3. Water system 4. Cellulose membrane
Subtopic:  CRF & Hemodialysis |
 62%
From NCERT
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The increasing gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium, during concentration of urine, is mainly caused by reabsortion of:

1. NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct
2. NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct
3. NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT
4. NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT
Subtopic:  Concentration of Urine: I | Concentration of Urine: II |
 82%
From NCERT
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Most renal calculi are:

1. oxalates 2. citrates
3. urates 4. carbonates
Subtopic:  Disorders of Excretory System |
 90%
From NCERT
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An excessive loss of body fluid can:

1. activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby preventing diuresis
2. switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH promoting diuresis
3. activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby promoting diuresis
4. switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH preventing diuresis
Subtopic:  Autoregulation of GFR |
 87%
From NCERT
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Urine in ureter is drained directly from:

1. Collecting duct 2. Papilla
3. Renal pelvis 4. Major calyces
Subtopic:  Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
 72%
From NCERT
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