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Q. No.The increasing gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium, during concentration of urine, is mainly caused by reabsortion of:
1.
NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct
2.
NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct
3.
NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT
4.
NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine: I | Concentration of Urine: II |
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Subtopic: Disorders of Excretory System |
90%
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An excessive loss of body fluid can:
| 1. | activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby preventing diuresis |
| 2. | switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH promoting diuresis |
| 3. | activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby promoting diuresis |
| 4. | switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH preventing diuresis |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
87%
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Urine in ureter is drained directly from:
| 1. | Collecting duct | 2. | Papilla |
| 3. | Renal pelvis | 4. | Major calyces |
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
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Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes can be eliminated through:
| 1. | Saliva | 2. | Sweat |
| 3. | Sebum | 4. | Tears |
Subtopic: Role of other Organs in Excretion |
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Match the parts of the nephron in Column I with function/feature in Column II and select the answer from the codes given:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | PCT | a. | Maximum reabsorption of water and electrolytes |
| B. | Loop of Henle - descending limb | b. | Permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes |
| C. | Loop of Henle - ascending limb | c. | Impermeable to water but permeable to electrolytes |
| D. | DCT | d. | Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water |
Codes
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | a | b | c | d |
| 2. | b | a | d | c |
| 3. | a | b | d | c |
| 4. | b | a | d | c |
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
85%
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In hemodialysis, the role of artificial kidney is actually played by:
| 1. | Dialysate | 2. | Blood pump |
| 3. | Water system | 4. | Cellulose membrane |
Subtopic: CRF & Hemodialysis |
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Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:
| 1. | GFR – 125 ml/min |
| 2. | Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day |
| 3. | Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day |
| 4. | Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min |
Subtopic: Disorders of Excretory System |
69%
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding proximal convoluted tubule:
| 1. | It is lined by simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium |
| 2. | It reabsorbs 70-80 % of electrolytes and water and nearly all nutrients |
| 3. | In juxta-medullary nephrons, it extends deep into the renal medulla |
| 4. | It secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and reabsorbs bicarbonate ions to maintain the ionic and pH balance of the body fluids |
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
73%
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Uremia patients can have all the following except:
1. Increased blood glucose between meals
2. Anemia
3. Osteomalacia
4. An acidic blood pH
Subtopic: Disorders of Excretory System |
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