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Q. No.The epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule, arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores, are called as:
1.
Macula densa
2.
Juxtaglomerular cells
3.
Podocytes
4.
Mesangial cells
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
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A comparison of the volume of the filtrate formed per day with that of the urine released suggests that nearly:
| 1. | 20% of the cardiac output is received by the kidneys. |
| 2. | 20% of the renal plasma flow is filtered at the glomerulus. |
| 3. | 99% of the filtrate has to be reabsorbed by the renal tubules. |
| 4. | 3% of the filtrate gets converted into urine. |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
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Consider the two statements:
1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
| Statement I: | JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the proximal convoluted tubule and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact. |
| Statement II: | A fall in GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin which can stimulate the glomerular blood flow and thereby the GFR back to normal. |
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
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Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Tubular secretion helps in the maintenance of ionic and acid-base balance of body fluids. |
| Reason (R): | During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete substances like H+, K+ and ammonia into the filtrate. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
81%
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The average osmolality of most of the body fluids in the human body under normal physiological condition is about:
1. 300 mOsmolL–1
2. 600 mOsmolL–1
3. 900 mOsmolL–1
4. 1200 mOsmolL–1
1. 300 mOsmolL–1
2. 600 mOsmolL–1
3. 900 mOsmolL–1
4. 1200 mOsmolL–1
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine: I | Concentration of Urine: II | Concentration of Urine |
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Consider the given two statements regarding the mechanism of increasing medullary interstitium osmolarity when kidney is trying to produce concentrated urine:
1. Statement I is correct: Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct: Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is incorrect
| Statement I: | NaCl is transported by the ascending limb of Henle’s loop which is exchanged with the descending limb of vasa recta. |
| Statement II: | NaCl is returned to the interstitium by the ascending portion of vasa recta. |
2. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct: Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is incorrect
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine |
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The human kidneys can produce urine concentrated nearly:
1. two times than the initial filtrate formed.
2. four times than the initial filtrate formed.
3. six times than the initial filtrate formed.
4. eight times than the initial filtrate formed.
1. two times than the initial filtrate formed.
2. four times than the initial filtrate formed.
3. six times than the initial filtrate formed.
4. eight times than the initial filtrate formed.
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine |
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The main function of aldosterone in Renin-Angiotensin mechanism is:
| 1. | It converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I. |
| 2. | It is a powerful vasodilator. |
| 3. | It causes reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. |
| 4. | It activate the JG cells to release rennin. |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
78%
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding micturition reflex?
| 1. | Signal for the reflex is initiated by the stretching of the urinary bladder as it gets filled with urine. |
| 2. | The stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the CNS. |
| 3. | The CNS passes on motor messages leading to the relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder. |
| 4. | There is simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine. |
Subtopic: Micturition Reflex |
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Regarding role of organs other than kidneys in excretion:
1. Only I, II and III are correct
2. Only I, III and IV are correct
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4. I, II, III and IV are correct
| I: | Our lungs remove approximately 200mL/minute of CO2 |
| II: | Liver secretes bile-containing substances like bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones, vitamins and drugs. |
| III: | Sweat produced by the sweat glands is a watery fluid containing NaCl, small amounts of urea, lactic acid, etc. |
| IV: | Sebaceous glands eliminate certain substances like sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes through sebum. |
1. Only I, II and III are correct
2. Only I, III and IV are correct
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4. I, II, III and IV are correct
Subtopic: Role of other Organs in Excretion |
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