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Q. No.The average osmolality of most of the body fluids in the human body under normal physiological condition is about:
1. 300 mOsmolL–1
2. 600 mOsmolL–1
3. 900 mOsmolL–1
4. 1200 mOsmolL–1
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine: I | Concentration of Urine: II | Concentration of Urine |
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Consider the given two statements regarding the mechanism of increasing medullary interstitium osmolarity when kidney is trying to produce concentrated urine:
1. Statement I is correct: Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct: Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is incorrect
| Statement I: | NaCl is transported by the ascending limb of Henle’s loop which is exchanged with the descending limb of vasa recta. |
| Statement II: | NaCl is returned to the interstitium by the ascending portion of vasa recta. |
2. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct: Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is incorrect
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine |
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The human kidneys can produce urine concentrated nearly:
1. two times than the initial filtrate formed.
2. four times than the initial filtrate formed.
3. six times than the initial filtrate formed.
4. eight times than the initial filtrate formed.
1. two times than the initial filtrate formed.
2. four times than the initial filtrate formed.
3. six times than the initial filtrate formed.
4. eight times than the initial filtrate formed.
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine |
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The main function of aldosterone in Renin-Angiotensin mechanism is:
| 1. | It converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I. |
| 2. | It is a powerful vasodilator. |
| 3. | It causes reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. |
| 4. | It activate the JG cells to release rennin. |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
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From NCERT
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding micturition reflex?
| 1. | Signal for the reflex is initiated by the stretching of the urinary bladder as it gets filled with urine. |
| 2. | The stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the CNS. |
| 3. | The CNS passes on motor messages leading to the relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder. |
| 4. | There is simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine. |
Subtopic: Micturition Reflex |
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From NCERT
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Regarding role of organs other than kidneys in excretion:
1. Only I, II and III are correct
2. Only I, III and IV are correct
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4. I, II, III and IV are correct
| I: | Our lungs remove approximately 200mL/minute of CO2 |
| II: | Liver secretes bile-containing substances like bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones, vitamins and drugs. |
| III: | Sweat produced by the sweat glands is a watery fluid containing NaCl, small amounts of urea, lactic acid, etc. |
| IV: | Sebaceous glands eliminate certain substances like sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes through sebum. |
1. Only I, II and III are correct
2. Only I, III and IV are correct
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4. I, II, III and IV are correct
Subtopic: Role of other Organs in Excretion |
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From NCERT
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Identify the correct chronological sequence of the flow of the glomerular filtrate and urine from the given options:
| 1. | glomerulus-glomerular capsule-proximal tubules-loop of Henle-distal tubules-collecting duct-renal pelvis |
| 2. | glomerular capsule -glomerulus-loop of Henle-distal tubules-proximal tubules-distal tubular-collecting duct-renal pelvis |
| 3. | loop of Henle-distal tubules-collecting duct-proximal tubules-glomerulus-glomerular capsule-renal pelvis |
| 4. | loop of Henle-collecting duct -distal tubules-proximal tubules-glomerulus-glomerular capsule-renal pelvis |
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 | Formation of Urine |
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The presence of which of the following on a routine urine analysis test will not be considered as normal?
1. sodium
2. glucose
3. urea
4. creatinine
1. sodium
2. glucose
3. urea
4. creatinine
Subtopic: Disorders of Excretory System |
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From NCERT
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During the movement of the glomerular ultrafiltrate through the descending limb of the loop of Henle:
I: water moves into the nephron
II: solutes move out of the nephron
III: water moves out of the nephron
1. Only I
2. Only II and III
3. Only III
4. Only I and II
I: water moves into the nephron
II: solutes move out of the nephron
III: water moves out of the nephron
1. Only I
2. Only II and III
3. Only III
4. Only I and II
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 | Formation of Urine |
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From NCERT
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Angiotensin II:
I: causes increased aldosterone secretion.
II: causes vasodilation.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
I: causes increased aldosterone secretion.
II: causes vasodilation.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
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