Statement I: | An increase in blood flow to the atria of the heart can cause the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF). |
Statement II: | A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin. |
1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
2. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
3. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct |
A: | Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the afferent arteriole. |
B: | Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. |
I: | Protonephridia are primarily concerned with ionic and fluid volume regulation, i.e., osmoregulation. |
II: | Nephridia are the tubular excretory structures of earthworms and other annelids. |
III: | Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures of most of the insects including cockroaches. |
IV: | Antennal glands or green glands perform the excretory function in crustaceans like prawns. |
Assertion(A): | In hemodialysis, heparin is added to the blood taken out of the body for purification. |
Reason(R): | Heparin is an anti-coagulant. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False and (R) is True. |
Assertion(A): | Urea can be used to maintain osmolarity of body fluids. |
Reason(R): | Urea is more toxic and energetically less expensive than ammonia. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False and (R) is True. |
I: | Descending limb is impermeable to water. |
II: | Ascending limb is impermeable to electrolytes. |
I: | There are nearly one million nephrons in each kidney. |
II: | The Malpighian corpuscle, PCT and DCT of the nephron are located in the renal medulla. |
Assertion (A): | Juxtamedullary nephrons play very important role in concentration of urine. |
Reason (R): | Juxtamedullary nephrons constitute about 85% of all nephrons in human kidneys. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |