A: | Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the afferent arteriole. |
B: | Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. |
Assertion (A): | Juxtamedullary nephrons play very important role in concentration of urine. |
Reason (R): | Juxtamedullary nephrons constitute about 85% of all nephrons in human kidneys. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
Which of the following are vasoconstrictors?
A: Antidiuretic hormone
B: Angiotensin II
C: Atrial natriuretic factor
1. Only A and B
2. Only B
3. Only A and C
4. A, B and C
A: | The loop of Henle is short and extends only very little into the medulla. |
B: | Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced. |
1. | Lungs remove large amount of carbon dioxide. |
2. | Sweat contains sodium chloride, small amount of urea and lactic acid. |
3. | Sebaceous glands eliminate sterols, hydrocarbons, and waxes. |
4. | Saliva does not eliminate any nitrogenous waste |
Assertion (A): | Ammonia is considered to be a less toxic excretory product compared to urea and uric acid. |
Reason (R): | Ammonia requires a large amount of water for its elimination due to its high solubility and toxic nature. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
3. | (A) is True, (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False, (R) is True. |
Statement I: | An increase in blood flow to the atria of the heart can cause the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF). |
Statement II: | A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin. |
1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
2. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
3. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct |
I: | Protonephridia are primarily concerned with ionic and fluid volume regulation, i.e., osmoregulation. |
II: | Nephridia are the tubular excretory structures of earthworms and other annelids. |
III: | Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures of most of the insects including cockroaches. |
IV: | Antennal glands or green glands perform the excretory function in crustaceans like prawns. |