Which of the following are vasoconstrictors?
A: Antidiuretic hormone
B: Angiotensin II
C: Atrial natriuretic factor
1. Only A and B
2. Only B
3. Only A and C
4. A, B and C
A: | The loop of Henle is short and extends only very little into the medulla. |
B: | Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced. |
1. | Lungs remove large amount of carbon dioxide. |
2. | Sweat contains sodium chloride, small amount of urea and lactic acid. |
3. | Sebaceous glands eliminate sterols, hydrocarbons, and waxes. |
4. | Saliva does not eliminate any nitrogenous waste |
Assertion (A): | Ammonia is considered to be a less toxic excretory product compared to urea and uric acid. |
Reason (R): | Ammonia requires a large amount of water for its elimination due to its high solubility and toxic nature. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
3. | (A) is True, (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False, (R) is True. |
Consider the given two statements:
Assertion (A): | Juxtamedullary nephrons are crucial for the process of urine concentration. |
Reason (R): | They have longer loops of Henle, which extend deep into the medulla, allowing more effective water reabsorption. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Column I | Column II | ||
A | Kidneys | P | Humans |
B | Malpighian tubules | Q | Birds |
C | Green glands | R | Crabs |
D | Cloaca | S | Insects |
A | B | C | D | |
1. | P | R | S | Q |
2. | R | P | Q | S |
3. | P | S | R | Q |
4. | S | P | Q | R |
1. | Cortical nephrons are primarily involved in the filtration of blood. |
2. | Juxtamedullary nephrons have a longer loop of Henle that extends deep into the medulla. |
3. | Cortical nephrons are absent in mammals. |
4. | Juxtamedullary nephrons are not involved in the concentration of urine. |
1. | ANF increases blood pressure and blood volume. |
2. | ANF causes vasodilation leading to decrease in blood pressure. |
3. | ANF increases the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule. |
4. | ANF promotes the secretion of renin from the kidneys. |
1. | Urea | 2. | Uric acid |
3. | Ammonia | 4. | Creatinine |